After Modernism - That modernism has run its course or that a complete knowledge and history of modernism has been surpassed by a new age. 
Anti-foundational - Rejection of rationalism, truths, certainties, doctrines and unstable belief systems. 
Anti-Modernism - Reaction to the failures of modernism, a questioning of the 'ideological bias' of all history and knowledge, and scepticism towards the grand political schemes of modernism.
Determinism - How science and technological innovation affect the production of cultural texts.
Modernism as meta narrative - A story of the arts in the 20th century (told by key cultural figures) which has a clear sense of hierarchy and order.
Double Coding - Any sign or text which is open to two different interpretations depending on the frame of reference which is used to interpret it.
Hyper-Reality - A concept proposed by Jean Baudrillard that captures the inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality.
Intertextuality - The relationship between texts.
Mediation - Life lived on and through a screen. 
Nostalgia - A sentimental longing or wistful affection for a period in the past.
Parody - An imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect.
Pastiche - Images are presented without context or meaning.
Post Modernism - Describes the time we're living through.
Post-truth perspectives - The distrust in fact/expert opinion. That truth is relative, contested, not absolute. Replaced by 'authenticity'
Rationalism - Science replacing religious doctrine.

Foka Wolf is an anonymous artist from Birmingham who creates satirical artwork as a way to express his views in politics as well as hitting on many big other issues. He mainly makes parodies of advertisements from large corporations that don't shy away from bringing up the harsh reality of what those companies are contributing to, using his artwork to attack societal issues such as gentrification and corporate greed. In his interview with Time Out Magazine (Brennan, 2019) he discusses how he views his work as 'misinformation', an exaggerated version of the fake news that is prolific in our society that has helped to be pushed by the rise in technology.





Brennan, J (2019) 'Meet Foka Wolf, the Birmingham Banksy', Time Out, Available at: https://www.timeout.com/birmingham/things-to-do/foka-wolf-interview (Accessed: 16 March 2022).

Hebdige (1979, p.136) ​defines the formation of the term subculture in his book by stating 'we have had to expand our definition of culture to cover all those expressive forms which give meaningful shape to group experience'.

Hebdige, D. (1979) Subculture : the meaning of style. London: Methuen.

John Ridgway
Ridgway is a british comic artist distinctively known for his unusual realism paired with a sketchy use of linework. He is responsible for creating the look for the Hellblazer series and has worked on iconic characters such as Doctor Who and the Incredible Hulk.

Literal Linguistic Message:

• Text is black on plain white background​
• Blocky, bold text 
• Includes brand tagline
• A 'thoughtful' quote

Connotative Linguistic Message:

• 'Look after it for the next generation' suggests you should buy it for your kids, guilt into thinking you are being considerate to them? Make you feel better about spending so much money on something because you can pass it on?
• 'Begin your own tradition' gives a sense of nobility, a great thing to start for your lineage

Scott McCloud: Making Comics p128-138

Roland Barthes: The Photographic Message p15-27